Artificial joints and artificial bone substitute materials should have the following basic properties: high strength and light weight materials with biological compatibility, corrosion resistance, the tissue response to implants in vivo does not cause material degradation of repeated stress caused by fatigue, less damage and other properties. Metal implant was the most important performance is forming, machine and polishing, in the expected lifetime must remain functional in subjected to fatigue, wear, corrosion and impact load does not deteriorate, titanium and titanium alloy with all the above requirements. The early strength of artificial joint materials, such as dental care powder, polypropylene, organic glass and other materials, such as low strength, easy folding and poor biocompatibility. Later, the use of stainless steel, but the proportion of stainless steel is larger, about 2 times the proportion of human bones, and the role of the receptor in the body will appear corrosion and fracture. Co-Cr alloy is also an excellent artificial joint material, but unfortunately, cobalt, chromium elements are toxic to the human body. Titanium and titanium alloy is a kind of ideal artificial joint material with small specific gravity, high strength, good mechanical processing and excellent corrosion resistance.
The use of titanium and Ti-6Al-4VELI alloys as the main material for the use of surgical implants in the alloy. Recently, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-13Nb1-13Zr with good affinity for the human body is also achieved ASTM standard recognition. Titanium is a man made bone, the cells can be regenerated, bone can grow, titanium and human bone, epithelial, to create the organization has a good affinity. In order to improve the surface quality of the implanted material with the human bone, the biological ceramic layer on the surface of the rough surface is also an effective method. At present, titanium and titanium alloy has been widely used in artificial bone and joint, artificial bone, joints and feet, broken bones fixators, bone marrow nails, artificial heart valves, skull etc.. According to statistics, China's annual demand for titanium alloy artificial joints more than 5000 sets, the clinical application of good results.
Medical titanium alloy elastic modulus is closer to the human skeleton than stainless steel, which is suitable for the operation of the human body. In the aspect of orthopedic surgery, Ti Ni shape memory alloy was used. Studies show that NT-SMA is set of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, shape memory effect, pseudo elastic and acoustic damping performance and integration of new material and in orthopedic applications more widely, in addition to the external common plate, intramedullary nail, internal fixation of mandibular fracture, scoliosis correction, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai and to NT-SMA of the series design and clinical application, such as NT patellar concentrator, NT arc and fork nail, NT bow, NT fly Dragonfly (specifically designed for the reconstruction of the sacrum) etc., obtained satisfactory curative effect. For the application to the body of titanium alloy materials, countries are still trying to explore, to seek a more secure and reliable new titanium alloy, for the benefit of the people around the world.
Titanium in the pharmaceutical industry is mainly used for the production of containers, reactors and heaters, etc.. In pharmaceutical production, equipment often contact with hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and other inorganic acid, organic acid and its salts, equipment due to corrosion frequently damaged, at the same time as a result of steel equipment to bring iron pollution affects the quality of products, using titanium equipment can solve these problems. For example, penicillin esterification autoclave, saccharifying tank, chloramphenicol film evaporator, metamizole sodium reactor, Metol filter, sulfuric acid dimethyl cooler, a liquid medicine filter, there is precedent for titanium material selection, the quantity and quality of the production of liquid are constantly improving, and the quality of the finished full compliance with the provisions of the Pharmacopoeia of the people's Republic of China.
Titanium and titanium alloy has good corrosion resistance, titanium non-toxic, non magnetic, is a good choice for medical devices. In the history of the development of surgical instruments, the first generation of surgical instruments with carbon steel production, due to the performance of plating after the clinical use of the requirements and was eliminated. The second generation of austenite and ferrite and martensite stainless steel surgical instruments, but stainless steel compositions chromium toxicity, shedding of the chrome layer on the human body has certain influence. Therefore, the third generation of titanium surgical instruments. Titanium has light weight and is especially suitable for microsurgical operation. Titanium has corrosion resistance, good elasticity, non deformation, etc., to withstand repeated the cleaning and disinfection of the surface quality is not affected; non magnetic, can remove the threat the damage to small, implanted sensitive electronic devices such as characteristic, the titanium surgical instruments are used more and more widely. Has been used to make surgical blade, hemostatic forceps, scissors, tweezers, electric drill and so on. In the medical titanium of vascular suture needle, sternum suture line, cardiac surgical instruments, one of the oxygen filter of titanium filter, ECG machine titanium electrode, in vitro culture machine using titanium as the incubator; medical ultrasonic disintegrator of the probe, the blood transport box automatic control system, and used in eye surgery titanium equipment. At present, the use of good.
Because of its excellent corrosion resistance and human affinity, it is suitable for dental applications such as metal sensitivity and specific strength. Metal for use in dental surgery, starting from the 1920s amalgam and metal dental crown, the sixties mainly use gold, silver, palladium alloys, since the seventies stainless steels are becoming for tooth correction permanent and removing device most commonly used materials, the 1990s titanium casting manufacturing technology has been widely used. To use dental titanium casting machine casting has high size precision, no bubbles and the shrinkage hole characteristics in human hard tissue repair material, titanium elastic modulus and human tissue closest to, which can reduce the mechanical inadaptability between metal implants and bone tissues. Titanium thermal conductivity is all dental repair with metal material in the lowest, the low thermal conductivity can be reduced to thermal stimulation of teeth crown pulp, in dental restoration is very important. Titanium inlay, crown and so on to protect the pulp, to avoid the role of hot and cold stimulation. Titanium in materials, raw materials for pure titanium, but its strength is insufficient, it is difficult to grind, there is poor wear resistance, easy to produce casting defects and quality is not stable and so on. Titanium alloy high strength, the most commonly used is Ti-6Al-4V alloy, but because of metal V-belt is harmful to the human body, use NB instead of V, the successful development of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy. It has excellent corrosion resistance and basic harmless to humans, but also has plastic is strong, the grinding is excellent and other advantages, has been approved by ASTM standards. At present, the super elastic Ti-Ni alloy is being applied to the straightening of teeth. Developed countries began to study of titanium in oral cavity repair application from the eighties of the 20th century, the first for the dental implant, and later for denture, crown and bridge and Ya Zhengsi, at present, titanium crown and dowel crown and fixed bridge, porcelain bridge, bridge bond, denture card ring and the base, a connecting device and reinforcing device and denture almost all metal parts are available titanium. The study of titanium and titanium alloys has become a hot spot in the research of dental alloys. Titanium porcelain teeth can be very good to restore the tooth morphology and function, and high strength, beautiful appearance, stable color, smooth surface, wear resistance, corrosion resistance is a kind of permanent prosthesis for all fixed teeth, especially is suitable for its biological compatibility is good, and the nickel ion sensitive people, has been widely applied in dental restoration.
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