With the rapid development of computer technology, computer has become an important tool for people's work and life. With the development of mobile office mode, computer design is gradually pursuing ultra light and thin to facilitate portability. This requires that computer hardware materials have good high strength and low density. At the same time, in order to ensure the running speed and standby time of the computer hardware system, the hardware materials should also have good heat dissipation performance. In addition, computer hardware materials are in direct contact with the external environment, and also need to have good wear resistance, aging resistance, antistatic and crack resistance.
1、 Common computer hardware materials
ABS / PC engineering plastics
The advantage of engineering plastics is that they have light weight, can have corrosion resistance to certain chemicals and are easy to process. At the same time, engineering plastics can also be painted and colored on its surface, which has good insulation properties. Therefore, engineering plastics are usually used in electronic product parts. ABS, PC and other engineering plastics are commonly used in computer hardware. PC engineering plastics have good heat and weather resistance, relatively stable overall dimensions, less deformation and good impact resistance. ABS engineering plastics has good processing fluidity, its processing and use cost is relatively low, and it is easy to maintain in the later use process. However, on the whole, the comprehensive mechanical performance of ABS / PC engineering plastics is not ideal. The quality of computer hardware using this engineering plastics is relatively large, which makes the computer body relatively heavy, which does not meet the needs of modern people for lightweight design. In particular, the heat dissipation effect of ABS engineering plastics is not ideal, and there is also a lack of mechanical strength and toughness. The computer hardware shell made of ABS engineering plastics is easy to wear and even deform after a long time of use.
Alloy material
Computer hardware materials also involve alloy materials, such as magnesium aluminum alloy materials and titanium alloy materials. The quality of computer hardware made of magnesium aluminum alloy is relatively strong, and the compression performance and heat dissipation performance are relatively strong, which can basically meet the standard requirements of 3C products. Alloy materials add some specific metal elements on the basis of traditional engineering plastic materials, which can improve the strength of computer hardware materials, but the quality is relatively light. For magnesium aluminum alloy materials, its surface is easy to color, which can make the appearance of the computer more beautiful according to the needs of users and production. However, the production cost of magnesium aluminum alloy is relatively high, and it is difficult to form in the actual processing process. At the same time, although this alloy material is easy to color, it has poor wear resistance and is prone to paint falling off.
The advantage of titanium alloy material is that it has good wear resistance, high strength performance, good heat dissipation and light weight of computer body. Compared with aluminum magnesium alloy, titanium alloy material is easier to process different types of complex shapes, and the impact resistance of this material is very significant, so the computer volume of titanium alloy material is relatively small. The toughness of titanium alloy is also significantly better than that of aluminum magnesium alloy. However, titanium is a very expensive metal material. If titanium alloy is widely used in computer hardware materials, it is too expensive, resulting in a waste of resources. At the same time, the actual casting process of titanium alloy materials is complex, involving processing technologies such as welding. Therefore, titanium alloy materials are widely used in computer hardware manufacturers.
2、 New computer hardware materials
With the development of computers and the progress of materials technology, some new computer hardware materials came into being. Among them, carbon fiber composites, aerogels and composite conductive polymer materials are more typical.
Carbon fiber composites have good comprehensive properties, high strength, low specific gravity and strong corrosion resistance, which provide important support for the production of lightweight and ultra-thin computer hardware. Especially in automobile, electronics, household, instrument, aviation and other fields, the demand for lightweight and miniaturized computers is very obvious. Carbon fiber composites not only have good plasticity of engineering plastics, but also have high strength properties of alloy materials. They also have good application effects in thermal conductivity and so on. At the same time, carbon fiber composite is a kind of conductive material, which can play a shielding role similar to metal in the process of practical application, which reduces the process of plating metal film on the outer layer of engineering plastics to realize the shielding of electromagnetic wave. However, the processing technology of carbon fiber composites is relatively complex, and its production cost is relatively high. At this stage, the processing and production of carbon fiber composites can not achieve mass production. Therefore, the price of computer hardware of carbon fiber composites is relatively high, and its application is not universal.
Aerogels are characterized by low density and good heat insulation. This makes the computer hardware materials prepared by aerogels relatively light and thin, and is conducive to the cooling of computer hardware and enhance the user's sense of experience.
Composite conductive polymer material is also a new type of material, which is characterized by its conductivity. For example, conductive rubber can conduct electricity after being compressed to a certain extent, so it is usually used in computer keyboard. At the same time, conductive rubber also has electromagnetic sealing ability and water vapor sealing ability. This characteristic can well protect the internal parts of the computer and has good application effect.
